آرایش الکترونی عناصر (صفحه اطلاعات)

آرایش الکترونی


1 H هیدروژن : 1s
1s
1	-		-			-				-				-			-
2 He هلیوم : 1s
1s
2
3 Li لیتیوم : 1s 2s
1s	2s
2	1
4 Be برلیم : 1s 2s
1s	2s
2	2
5 B بور : 1s 2s 2p
1s	2s	2p
2	3
6 C کربن : 1s 2s 2p
1s	2s	2p
2	4
7 N نیتروژن : 1s 2s 2p
1s	2s	2p
2	5
8 O اکسیژن : 1s 2s 2p
1s	2s	2p
2	6
9 F فلوئور : 1s 2s 2p
1s	2s	2p
2	7
10 Ne نئون : 1s 2s 2p
1s	2s	2p
2	8
11 Na سدیم : [Ne] 3s
1s	2s	2p	3s
2	8		1
12 Mg منیزیوم : [Ne] 3s
1s	2s	2p	3s
2	8		2
13 Al آلومینیوم : [Ne] 3s 3p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p
2	8		3
14 Si سیلیسیوم : [Ne] 3s 3p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p
2	8		4
15 P فسفر : [Ne] 3s 3p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p
2	8		5
16 S گوگرد : [Ne] 3s 3p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p
2	8		6
17 Cl کلر : [Ne] 3s 3p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p
2	8		7
18 Ar آرگون : [Ne] 3s 3p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p
2	8		8
19 K پتاسیم : [Ar] 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p		4s
2	8		8			1
20 Ca کلسیم : [Ar] 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p		4s
2	8		8			2
21 Sc اسکاندیوم : [Ar] 3d 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s
2	8		9			2
22 Ti تیتانیوم : [Ar] 3d 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s
2	8		10			2
23 V وانادیوم : [Ar] 3d 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s
2	8		11			2
24 Cr کروم : [Ar] 3d 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s
2	8		13			1
25 Mn منگنز : [Ar] 3d 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s
2	8		13			2
26 Fe آهن : [Ar] 3d 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s
2	8		14			2
27 Co کبالت : [Ar] 3d 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s
2	8		15			2
28 Ni نیکل : [Ar] 3d 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s
2	8		16			2
29 Cu مس : [Ar] 3d 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s
2	8		18			1
30 Zn روی : [Ar] 3d 4s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s
2	8		18			2
31 Ga گالیوم : [Ar] 3d 4s 4p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p
2	8		18			3
32 Ge ژرمانیوم : [Ar] 3d 4s 4p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p
2	8		18			4
33 As آرسنیک : [Ar] 3d 4s 4p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p
2	8		18			5
34 Se سلنیوم : [Ar] 3d 4s 4p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p
2	8		18			6
35 Br برم : [Ar] 3d 4s 4p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p
2	8		18			7
36 Kr کریپتون : [Ar] 3d 4s 4p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p
2	8		18			8
37 Rb روبیدیوم : [Kr] 5s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p			5s
2	8		18			8				1
38 Sr استرانسیوم : [Kr] 5s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p			5s
2	8		18			8				2
39 Y ایتریوم : [Kr] 4d 5s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s
2	8		18			9				2
40 Zr زیرکونیوم : [Kr] 4d 5s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s
2	8		18			10				2
41 Nb نیوبیوم : [Kr] 4d 5s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s
2	8		18			12				1
42 Mo مولیبدن : [Kr] 4d 5s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s
2	8		18			13				1
43 Tc تکنسیوم : [Kr] 4d 5s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s
2	8		18			13				2
44 Ru روتنیوم : [Kr] 4d 5s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s
2	8		18			15				1
45 Rh رودیوم : [Kr] 4d 5s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s
2	8		18			16				1
46 Pd پالادیوم : [Kr] 4d
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d
2	8		18			18
47 Ag نقره : [Kr] 4d 5s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s
2	8		18			18				1
48 Cd کادمیوم : [Kr] 4d 5s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s
2	8		18			18				2
49 In ایندیوم : [Kr] 4d 5s 5p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s	5p
2	8		18			18				3
50 Sn قلع : [Kr] 4d 5s 5p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s	5p
2	8		18			18				4
51 Sb آنتیموان : [Kr] 4d 5s 5p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s	5p
2	8		18			18				5
52 Te تلوریوم : [Kr] 4d 5s 5p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s	5p
2	8		18			18				6
53 I ید : [Kr] 4d 5s 5p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s	5p
2	8		18			18				7
54 Xe زنون : [Kr] 4d 5s 5p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s	5p
2	8		18			18				8
55 Cs سزیوم : [Xe] 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			18				8				1
56 Ba باریوم : [Xe] 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			18				8				2
57 La لانتانیوم : [Xe] 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d		5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			18				9				2
58 Ce سریوم : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			19				9				2
59 Pr پرازئودیمیوم : [Xe] 4f 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			21				8				2
60 Nd نئودیمیوم : [Xe] 4f 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			22				8				2
61 Pm پرومتیوم : [Xe] 4f 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			23				8				2
62 Sm ساماریوم : [Xe] 4f 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			24				8				2
63 Eu اروپیوم : [Xe] 4f 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			25				8				2
64 Gd گادولینیوم : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			25				9				2
65 Tb تربیوم : [Xe] 4f 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			27				8				2
66 Dy دیسپروزیوم : [Xe] 4f 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			28				8				2
67 Ho هولمیوم : [Xe] 4f 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			29				8				2
68 Er اربیوم : [Xe] 4f 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			30				8				2
69 Tm تالیوم : [Xe] 4f 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			31				8				2
70 Yb ایتربیوم : [Xe] 4f 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p			6s
2	8		18			32				8				2
71 Lu لوتسیوم : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			32				9				2
72 Hf هافنیوم : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			32				10				2
73 Ta تانتالیوم : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			32				11				2
74 W تنگستن : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			32				12				2
75 Re رنیوم : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			32				13				2
76 Os اوسمیوم : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			32				14				2
77 Ir ایریدیوم : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			32				15				2
78 Pt پلاتین : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			32				17				1
79 Au طلا : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			32				18				1
80 Hg جیوه : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s
2	8		18			32				18				2
81 Tl تالیوم : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s 6p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s	6p
2	8		18			32				18				3
82 Pb سرب : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s 6p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s	6p
2	8		18			32				18				4
83 Bi بیسموت : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s 6p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s	6p
2	8		18			32				18				5
84 Po پولونیوم : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s 6p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s	6p
2	8		18			32				18				6
85 At استاتین : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s 6p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s	6p
2	8		18			32				18				7
86 Rn رادون : [Xe] 4f 5d 6s 6p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s	6p
2	8		18			32				18				8
87 Fr فرانسیوم : [Rn] 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s	6p		7s
2	8		18			32				18				8			1
88 Ra رادیوم : [Rn] 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s	6p		7s
2	8		18			32				18				8			2
89 Ac آکتینیوم : [Rn] 6d 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s	6p	6d	7s
2	8		18			32				19				8			2
90 Th توریوم : [Rn] 6d 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d		6s	6p	6d	7s
2	8		18			32				18				10			2
91 Pa پروتاکتینیوم : [Rn] 5f 6d 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	7s
2	8		18			32				20				9			2
92 U اورانیوم : [Rn] 5f 6d 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	7s
2	8		18			32				21				9			2
93 Np نپتونیوم : [Rn] 5f 6d 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	7s
2	8		18			32				22				9			2
94 Pu پلوتونیوم : [Rn] 5f 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p		7s
2	8		18			32				24				8			2
95 Am آمرسیوم : [Rn] 5f 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p		7s
2	8		18			32				25				8			2
96 Cm کوریم : [Rn] 5f 6d 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	7s
2	8		18			32				25				9			2
97 Bk برکلیوم : [Rn] 5f 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p		7s
2	8		18			32				27				8			2
98 Cf کالیفرنیوم : [Rn] 5f 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p		7s
2	8		18			32				28				8			2
99 Es انیشتینیوم : [Rn] 5f 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p		7s
2	8		18			32				29				8			2
100 Fm فرمیوم : [Rn] 5f 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p		7s
2	8		18			32				30				8			2
101 Md مندلویوم : [Rn] 5f 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p		7s
2	8		18			32				31				8			2
102 No نوبلیوم : [Rn] 5f 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p		7s
2	8		18			32				32				8			2
103 Lr لارنسیوم : probably [Rn] 5f 7s 7p
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p		7s	7p
2	8		18			32				32				8			3
104 Rf رادرفوردیوم : probably [Rn] 5f 6d 7s
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	7s
2	8		18			32				32				10			2

منابع

منابع جدول بالا کتب زیر بوده‌اند:

NIST

http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/IonEnergy/ionEnergy.html ; retrieved July 2005, (elements 1–104) based on:
- Atomic Spectroscopy, by W.C. Martin and W.L. Wiese in Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, ed. by G.W.F. Drake (AIP, Woodbury, NY, 1996) Chapter 10, pp. 135-153.

This website is also cited in the CRC Handbook as source of Section 1, subsection Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State.

91 Pa : [Rn] 5f(H₄) 6d 7s
92 U : [Rn] 5f(I_9/2) 6d 7s
93 Np : [Rn] 5f(I₄) 6d 7s
103 Lr : [Rn] 5f 7s 7p question-marked
104 Rf : [Rn] 5f 6d 7s question-marked

CRC

David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 1, Basic Constants, Units, and Conversion Factors; Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State. (elements 1–104)
Also subsection Periodic Table of the Elements, (elements 1–103) based on:
- G. J. Leigh, Editor, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1990.
- Chemical and Engineering News, 63(5), 27, 1985.
- Atomic Weights of the Elements, 1999, Pure & Appl. Chem., 73, 667, 2001.

WebElements

http://www.webelements.com/ ; retrieved July 2005, electron configurations based on:
- Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, Ed. Gordon W. F. Drake, American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, New York, USA, 1996.
- J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.
- R.L. DeKock and H.B. Gray in Chemical Structure and bonding, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California, USA, 1980.
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.

103 Lr : [Rn].5f.7s.7p tentative ; 2.8.18.32.32.9.2 [inconsistent]
104 Rf : [Rn].5f.6d.7s tentative
105 Db : [Rn].5f.6d.7s (a guess based upon that of tantalum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.11.2
106 Sg : [Rn].5f.6d.7s (a guess based upon that of tungsten) ; 2.8.18.32.32.12.2
107 Bh : [Rn].5f.6d.7s (a guess based upon that of rhenium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.13.2
108 Hs : [Rn].5f.6d.7s (a guess based upon that of osmium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.14.2
109 Mt : [Rn].5f.6d.7s (a guess based upon that of iridium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.15.2
110 Ds : [Rn].5f.6d.7s (a guess based upon that of platinum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.17.1
111 Rg : [Rn].5f.6d.7s (a guess based upon that of gold) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.1
112 Uub : [Rn].5f.6d.7s (a guess based upon that of mercury) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.2
113 Uut : [Rn].5f.6d.7s.7p (a guess based upon that of thallium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.3
114 Uuq : [Rn].5f.6d.7s.7p (a guess based upon that of lead) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.4
115 Uup : [Rn].5f.6d.7s.7p (a guess based upon that of bismuth) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.5
116 Uuh : [Rn].5f.6d.7s.7p (a guess based upon that of polonium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.6
117 Uus : [Rn].5f.6d.7s.7p (a guess based upon that of astatine) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.7
118 Uuo : [Rn].5f.6d.7s.7p (a guess based upon that of radon) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.8

Lange

J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), online version, McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4.1 Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements. (Elements 1–103)

97 Bk : [Rn] 5f 6d 7s
103 Lr : [Rn] 4f [sic] 6d 7s

Hill and Petrucci

Hill and Petrucci, General Chemistry: An Integrated Approach (3rd edition), Prentice Hall. (Elements 1–106)

58 Ce : [Xe] 4f 6s
103 Lr : [Rn] 5f 6d 7s
104 Rf : [Rn] 5f 6d 7s (agrees with guess above)
105 Db : [Rn] 5f 6d 7s
106 Sg : [Rn] 5f 6d 7s