AKT1

AKT1
ساختارهای موجود
PDB	جستجوی هم‌ساخت‌شناسی: PDBe RCSB
فهرست شناسه‌های PDB
	1H10, 1UNP, 1UNQ, 1UNR, 2UVM, 2UZR, 2UZS, 3CQU, 3CQW, 3MV5, 3MVH, 3O96, 3OCB, 3OW4, 3QKK, 3QKL, 3QKM, 4EJN, 4EKK, 4EKL, 4GV1, 5KCV
معین‌کننده‌ها
نام‌های دیگر	AKT1, AKT, CWS6, PKB, PKB-ALPHA, PRKBA, RAC, RAC-ALPHA, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1
شناسه‌های بیرونی	OMIM: 164730 MGI: 87986 HomoloGene: 3785 GeneCards: AKT1
موقعیت ژن (موش)
کروموزوم	کروموزوم ۱۲ (موش)
پایان	112,641,318 bp
الگوی گسترش RNA
	More reference expression data
هستی‌شناسی ژن
عملکرد ملکولی	• GTPase activating protein binding; • kinase activity; • nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity; • ATP binding; • protein kinase activity; • protein phosphatase 2A binding; • enzyme binding; • phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding; • transferase activity; • 14-3-3 protein binding; • GO:0001948، GO:0016582 پیوند پروتئینی; • protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity; • protein kinase binding; • protein kinase C binding; • nucleotide binding; • phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding; • identical protein binding; • protein serine/threonine kinase activity; • protein homodimerization activity; • calmodulin binding;
ترکیبات سلولی	• سیتوپلاسم; • سیتوزول; • membrane; • cell-cell junction; • میتوکندری; • هسته یاخته; • ciliary basal body; • microtubule cytoskeleton; • پوسته یاخته; • دوک تقسیم; • نوکلئوپلاسم; • ریزکیسه; • postsynapse; • GO:0009327 protein-containing complex;
فرایند زیستی	• germ cell development; • positive regulation of glucose import; • cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus; • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; • positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process; • regulation of neuron projection development; • activation-induced cell death of T cells; • response to heat; • regulation of cell cycle checkpoint; • response to organic substance; • response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus; • positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity; • cellular response to DNA damage stimulus; • regulation of protein localization; • platelet activation; • protein phosphorylation; • cellular response to mechanical stimulus; • negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane; • negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation; • cell projection organization; • cellular response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus; • positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration; • glucose metabolic process; • glycogen metabolic process; • regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; • glycogen cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development; • cell population proliferation; • negative regulation of autophagy; • cellular response to hypoxia; • negative regulation of cell size; • endocrine pancreas development; • GO:0006859 carbohydrate transport; • negative regulation of proteolysis; • insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • GO:0051247، GO:0051200 positive regulation of protein metabolic process; • positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; • glucose homeostasis; • labyrinthine layer blood vessel development; • GO:0001306 پاسخ به استرس اکسیداتیو; • negative regulation of gene expression; • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; • cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus; • positive regulation of cell growth; • positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; • maternal placenta development; • regulation of myelination; • protein ubiquitination; • positive regulation of vasoconstriction; • hyaluronan metabolic process; • spinal cord development; • cellular response to insulin stimulus; • cellular response to decreased oxygen levels; • protein autophosphorylation; • inflammatory response; • positive regulation of fat cell differentiation; • positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; • negative regulation of neuron death; • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • دگرگونی یاخته‌; • cellular response to peptide; • negative regulation of protein kinase activity; • فسفرگیری; • regulation of mRNA stability; • negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; • execution phase of apoptosis; • GO:1904579 cellular response to organic cyclic compound; • positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity; • positive regulation of glucose metabolic process; • جنین‌شناسی دستگاه عصبی مرکزی; • response to fluid shear stress; • maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion; • GO:0044257 protein catabolic process; • negative regulation of protein kinase activity by protein phosphorylation; • osteoblast differentiation; • response to UV-A; • response to hormone; • peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; • lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; • positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus; • negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; • GO:0007243 intracellular signal transduction; • regulation of cell migration; • peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance; • nitric oxide biosynthetic process; • positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; • زیست‌ساخت پروتئین; • positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; • cellular response to growth factor stimulus; • T cell costimulation; • regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; • GO:0010260 پیرش; • mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation; • cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus; • multicellular organism development; • negative regulation of JNK cascade; • glycogen biosynthetic process; • establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion; • apoptotic mitochondrial changes; • GO:0035404 peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; • GO:0061423 positive regulation of sodium ion transport; • response to growth hormone; • positive regulation of apoptotic process; • response to food; • cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus; • striated muscle cell differentiation; • negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; • negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand; • positive regulation of fibroblast migration; • regulation of translation; • GO:0003257، GO:0010735، GO:1901228، GO:1900622، GO:1904488 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; • GO:0072468 ورارسانی پیام; • negative regulation of endopeptidase activity; • GO:0097285 مرگ برنامه‌ریزی‌شده یاخته; • positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway; • GO:1901047 insulin receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; • regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator; • negative regulation of macroautophagy; • TOR signaling; • anoikis; • positive regulation of organ growth; • I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; • phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling; • GO:0072353 cellular response to reactive oxygen species; • NIK/NF-kappaB signaling; • GO:0060469، GO:0009371 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • cellular response to cadmium ion; • positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation; • epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of cell population proliferation; • positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential; • regulation of apoptotic process; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane; • سوخت‌وساز کربوهیدرات; • activation of protein kinase B activity; • protein kinase B signaling; • negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling; • excitatory postsynaptic potential; • cellular response to tumor necrosis factor; • cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis; • GO:1901313 positive regulation of gene expression; • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; • negative regulation of protein ubiquitination; • negative regulation of protein binding; • positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity; • negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway; • negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity; • cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus; • positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle; • negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion; • positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface; • negative regulation of lymphocyte migration; • protein import into nucleus;
	منابع: آمیگو / کوئیک‌گو
هم‌ساخت‌شناسی
	207
	11651
	ENSG00000142208
	ENSMUSG00000001729
	P31749
	P31750
	NM_001014432، NM_005163، XR_002957536، NM_001382430، NM_001382431، NM_001382432، NM_001382433 NM_001014431، NM_001014432، NM_005163، XR_002957536، NM_001382430، NM_001382431، NM_001382432، NM_001382433
	NM_009652، XM_006515415، NM_001331107 NM_001165894، NM_009652، XM_006515415، NM_001331107
	NP_001014432، NP_005154، NP_001369359، NP_001369360، NP_001369361، NP_001369362 NP_001014431، NP_001014432، NP_005154، NP_001369359، NP_001369360، NP_001369361، NP_001369362
	NP_001318036، NP_033782، XP_006515478 NP_001159366، NP_001318036، NP_033782، XP_006515478
	مشاهده/ویرایش موش

پروتئین کیناز اختصاصی سرین/ترئونین RAC-آلفا (انگلیسی: AKT1) یک پروتئین است که در انسان توسط ژن «AKT1» کُدگذاری می‌شود. این پروتئین متعلق به خانوادهٔ پروتئین کیناز بی از پروتئین کینازهای اختصاصی سرین/ترئونین است که دارای دومِـین SH2 است و همچون AKT2، توسط فاکتور رشد مشتق از پلاکت تحریک می‌شود.

عملکرد و اهمیت بالینی

این مولکول‌ها در طیف گسترده‌ای از فرآیندهای زیستی همچون تکثیر سلولی، تمایز سلولی، آپوپتوز، سرطان‌زایی، و همچنین ساخت گلیکوژن و جذب گلوکز نقش دارند.

چندریختی تک-نوکلئوتید در ژن «AKT1» سبب بروز سندرم پروتئوس می‌گردد؛ همان بیماری که احتمالاً جوزف مریک بدان مبتلا بود.

تعامل‌های شیمیایی

این پروتئین با مولکول‌های زیر تعامل پروتئین-پروتئین دارد:

BRAF
BRCA1
C-Raf
MAPKAPK2
MTOR
NPM1
NR3C4
PDPK1
TSC1
TSC2

جستارهای وابسته

پروتئین کیناز بی
AKT2
AKT3
سندرم پروتئوس

منابع

↑ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001729 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1".
↑ Lindhurst MJ, Sapp JC, Teer JK, Johnston JJ, Finn EM, Peters K, Turner J, Cannons JL, Bick D, Blakemore L, Blumhorst C, Brockmann K, Calder P, Cherman N, Deardorff MA, Everman DB, Golas G, Greenstein RM, Kato BM, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Kuznetsov SA, Miyamoto RT, Newman K, Ng D, O'Brien K, Rothenberg S, Schwartzentruber DJ, Singhal V, Tirabosco R, Upton J, Wientroub S, Zackai EH, Hoag K, Whitewood-Neal T, Robey PG, Schwartzberg PL, Darling TN, Tosi LL, Mullikin JC, Biesecker LG (2011). "A mosaic activating mutation in AKT1 associated with the Proteus syndrome". N. Engl. J. Med. 365 (7): 611–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1104017. PMC 3170413. PMID 21793738.
↑ Cohen MM (2014). "Proteus syndrome review: molecular, clinical, and pathologic features". Clin. Genet. 85 (2): 111–9. doi:10.1111/cge.12266. PMID 23992099. S2CID 204999819.
↑ Lindhurst MJ, Sapp JC, Teer JK, Johnston JJ, Finn EM, Peters K, Turner J, Cannons JL, Bick D, Blakemore L, Blumhorst C, Brockmann K, Calder P, Cherman N, Deardorff MA, Everman DB, Golas G, Greenstein RM, Kato BM, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Kuznetsov SA, Miyamoto RT, Newman K, Ng D, O'Brien K, Rothenberg S, Schwartzentruber DJ, Singhal V, Tirabosco R, Upton J, Wientroub S, Zackai EH, Hoag K, Whitewood-Neal T, Robey PG, Schwartzberg PL, Darling TN, Tosi LL, Mullikin JC, Biesecker LG (27 July 2011). "A Mosaic Activating Mutation in Associated with the Proteus Syndrome". New England Journal of Medicine. 365 (7): 611–619. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1104017. PMC 3170413. PMID 21793738.
↑ Guan KL, Figueroa C, Brtva TR, Zhu T, Taylor J, Barber TD, Vojtek AB (Sep 2000). "Negative regulation of the serine/threonine kinase B-Raf by Akt". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (35): 27354–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004371200. PMID 10869359.
↑ Altiok S, Batt D, Altiok N, Papautsky A, Downward J, Roberts TM, Avraham H (Nov 1999). "Heregulin induces phosphorylation of BRCA1 through phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT in breast cancer cells". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (45): 32274–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.45.32274. PMID 10542266.
↑ Xiang T, Ohashi A, Huang Y, Pandita TK, Ludwig T, Powell SN, Yang Q (Dec 2008). "Negative Regulation of AKT Activation by BRCA1". Cancer Res. 68 (24): 10040–4. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3009. PMC 2605656. PMID 19074868.
↑ Zimmermann S, Moelling K (Nov 1999). "Phosphorylation and regulation of Raf by Akt (protein kinase B)". Science. 286 (5445): 1741–4. doi:10.1126/science.286.5445.1741. PMID 10576742.
↑ Rane MJ, Coxon PY, Powell DW, Webster R, Klein JB, Pierce W, Ping P, McLeish KR (Feb 2001). "p38 Kinase-dependent MAPKAPK-2 activation functions as 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-2 for Akt in human neutrophils". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (5): 3517–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005953200. PMID 11042204.
↑ Sarbassov DD, Guertin DA, Ali SM, Sabatini DM (Feb 2005). "Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex". Science. 307 (5712): 1098–101. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1098S. doi:10.1126/science.1106148. PMID 15718470. S2CID 45837814.
↑ Sekulić A, Hudson CC, Homme JL, Yin P, Otterness DM, Karnitz LM, Abraham RT (Jul 2000). "A direct linkage between the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signaling pathway and the mammalian target of rapamycin in mitogen-stimulated and transformed cells". Cancer Res. 60 (13): 3504–13. PMID 10910062.
↑ Cheng SW, Fryer LG, Carling D, Shepherd PR (Apr 2004). "Thr2446 is a novel mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation site regulated by nutrient status". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (16): 15719–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.C300534200. PMID 14970221.
↑ Lee SB, Xuan Nguyen TL, Choi JW, Lee KH, Cho SW, Liu Z, Ye K, Bae SS, Ahn JY (Oct 2008). "Nuclear Akt interacts with B23/NPM and protects it from proteolytic cleavage, enhancing cell survival". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (43): 16584–9. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10516584L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807668105. PMC 2569968. PMID 18931307.
↑ Lin HK, Yeh S, Kang HY, Chang C (Jun 2001). "Akt suppresses androgen-induced apoptosis by phosphorylating and inhibiting androgen receptor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (13): 7200–5. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7200L. doi:10.1073/pnas.121173298. PMC 34646. PMID 11404460.
↑ Barry FA, Gibbins JM (Apr 2002). "Protein kinase B is regulated in platelets by the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (15): 12874–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200482200. PMID 11825911.
↑ Persad S, Attwell S, Gray V, Mawji N, Deng JT, Leung D, Yan J, Sanghera J, Walsh MP, Dedhar S (Jul 2001). "Regulation of protein kinase B/Akt-serine 473 phosphorylation by integrin-linked kinase: critical roles for kinase activity and amino acids arginine 211 and serine 343". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (29): 27462–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102940200. PMID 11313365.
↑ Dan HC, Sun M, Yang L, Feldman RI, Sui XM, Ou CC, Nellist M, Yeung RS, Halley DJ, Nicosia SV, Pledger WJ, Cheng JQ (Sep 2002). "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway regulates tuberous sclerosis tumor suppressor complex by phosphorylation of tuberin". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (38): 35364–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205838200. PMID 12167664.
↑ Roux PP, Ballif BA, Anjum R, Gygi SP, Blenis J (Sep 2004). "Tumor-promoting phorbol esters and activated Ras inactivate the tuberous sclerosis tumor suppressor complex via p90 ribosomal S6 kinase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (37): 13489–94. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10113489R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405659101. PMC 518784. PMID 15342917.

برای مطالعهٔ بیشتر

Hemmings BA (1997). "Akt signaling: linking membrane events to life and death decisions". Science. 275 (5300): 628–30. doi:10.1126/science.275.5300.628. PMID 9019819. S2CID 5224712.
Vanhaesebroeck B, Alessi DR (2000). "The PI3K-PDK1 connection: more than just a road to PKB". Biochem. J. 346 (3): 561–76. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3460561. PMC 1220886. PMID 10698680.
Chan TO, Rittenhouse SE, Tsichlis PN (2000). "AKT/PKB and other D3 phosphoinositide-regulated kinases: kinase activation by phosphoinositide-dependent phosphorylation". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 68: 965–1014. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.965. PMID 10872470.
Pekarsky Y, Hallas C, Croce CM (2001). "Molecular basis of mature T-cell leukemia". JAMA. 286 (18): 2308–14. doi:10.1001/jama.286.18.2308. PMID 11710897.
Dickson LM, Rhodes CJ (2004). "Pancreatic beta-cell growth and survival in the onset of type 2 diabetes: a role for protein kinase B in the Akt?". Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 287 (2): E192–8. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00031.2004. PMID 15271644. S2CID 25834366.
Manning BD (2004). "Balancing Akt with S6K: implications for both metabolic diseases and tumorigenesis". J. Cell Biol. 167 (3): 399–403. doi:10.1083/jcb.200408161. PMC 2172491. PMID 15533996.
Shinohara M, Chung YJ, Saji M, Ringel MD (2007). "AKT in thyroid tumorigenesis and progression". Endocrinology. 148 (3): 942–7. doi:10.1210/en.2006-0937. PMID 16946008.

پیوند به بیرون

مکان ژنوم AKT1 انسانی و صفحهٔ جزئیات ژنی AKT1 در سامانه جستجوی بانک ژنی دانشگاه کالیفرنیا، سانتا کروز.

[refGRCm38Ensembl-1] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001729 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Entrez Gene: AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1".

[pmid21793738-5] Lindhurst MJ, Sapp JC, Teer JK, Johnston JJ, Finn EM, Peters K, Turner J, Cannons JL, Bick D, Blakemore L, Blumhorst C, Brockmann K, Calder P, Cherman N, Deardorff MA, Everman DB, Golas G, Greenstein RM, Kato BM, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Kuznetsov SA, Miyamoto RT, Newman K, Ng D, O'Brien K, Rothenberg S, Schwartzentruber DJ, Singhal V, Tirabosco R, Upton J, Wientroub S, Zackai EH, Hoag K, Whitewood-Neal T, Robey PG, Schwartzberg PL, Darling TN, Tosi LL, Mullikin JC, Biesecker LG (2011). "A mosaic activating mutation in AKT1 associated with the Proteus syndrome". N. Engl. J. Med. 365 (7): 611–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1104017. PMC 3170413. PMID 21793738.

[pmid23992099-6] Cohen MM (2014). "Proteus syndrome review: molecular, clinical, and pathologic features". Clin. Genet. 85 (2): 111–9. doi:10.1111/cge.12266. PMID 23992099. S2CID 204999819.

[7] Lindhurst MJ, Sapp JC, Teer JK, Johnston JJ, Finn EM, Peters K, Turner J, Cannons JL, Bick D, Blakemore L, Blumhorst C, Brockmann K, Calder P, Cherman N, Deardorff MA, Everman DB, Golas G, Greenstein RM, Kato BM, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Kuznetsov SA, Miyamoto RT, Newman K, Ng D, O'Brien K, Rothenberg S, Schwartzentruber DJ, Singhal V, Tirabosco R, Upton J, Wientroub S, Zackai EH, Hoag K, Whitewood-Neal T, Robey PG, Schwartzberg PL, Darling TN, Tosi LL, Mullikin JC, Biesecker LG (27 July 2011). "A Mosaic Activating Mutation in Associated with the Proteus Syndrome". New England Journal of Medicine. 365 (7): 611–619. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1104017. PMC 3170413. PMID 21793738.

[pmid10869359-8] Guan KL, Figueroa C, Brtva TR, Zhu T, Taylor J, Barber TD, Vojtek AB (Sep 2000). "Negative regulation of the serine/threonine kinase B-Raf by Akt". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (35): 27354–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004371200. PMID 10869359.

[pmid10542266-9] Altiok S, Batt D, Altiok N, Papautsky A, Downward J, Roberts TM, Avraham H (Nov 1999). "Heregulin induces phosphorylation of BRCA1 through phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT in breast cancer cells". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (45): 32274–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.45.32274. PMID 10542266.

[pmid19074868-10] Xiang T, Ohashi A, Huang Y, Pandita TK, Ludwig T, Powell SN, Yang Q (Dec 2008). "Negative Regulation of AKT Activation by BRCA1". Cancer Res. 68 (24): 10040–4. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3009. PMC 2605656. PMID 19074868.

[pmid10576742-11] Zimmermann S, Moelling K (Nov 1999). "Phosphorylation and regulation of Raf by Akt (protein kinase B)". Science. 286 (5445): 1741–4. doi:10.1126/science.286.5445.1741. PMID 10576742.

[pmid11042204-12] Rane MJ, Coxon PY, Powell DW, Webster R, Klein JB, Pierce W, Ping P, McLeish KR (Feb 2001). "p38 Kinase-dependent MAPKAPK-2 activation functions as 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-2 for Akt in human neutrophils". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (5): 3517–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005953200. PMID 11042204.

[pmid15718470-13] Sarbassov DD, Guertin DA, Ali SM, Sabatini DM (Feb 2005). "Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex". Science. 307 (5712): 1098–101. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1098S. doi:10.1126/science.1106148. PMID 15718470. S2CID 45837814.

[pmid10910062-14] Sekulić A, Hudson CC, Homme JL, Yin P, Otterness DM, Karnitz LM, Abraham RT (Jul 2000). "A direct linkage between the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signaling pathway and the mammalian target of rapamycin in mitogen-stimulated and transformed cells". Cancer Res. 60 (13): 3504–13. PMID 10910062.

[pmid14970221-15] Cheng SW, Fryer LG, Carling D, Shepherd PR (Apr 2004). "Thr2446 is a novel mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation site regulated by nutrient status". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (16): 15719–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.C300534200. PMID 14970221.

[pmid18931307-16] Lee SB, Xuan Nguyen TL, Choi JW, Lee KH, Cho SW, Liu Z, Ye K, Bae SS, Ahn JY (Oct 2008). "Nuclear Akt interacts with B23/NPM and protects it from proteolytic cleavage, enhancing cell survival". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (43): 16584–9. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10516584L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807668105. PMC 2569968. PMID 18931307.

[pmid11404460-17] Lin HK, Yeh S, Kang HY, Chang C (Jun 2001). "Akt suppresses androgen-induced apoptosis by phosphorylating and inhibiting androgen receptor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (13): 7200–5. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7200L. doi:10.1073/pnas.121173298. PMC 34646. PMID 11404460.

[pmid11825911-18] Barry FA, Gibbins JM (Apr 2002). "Protein kinase B is regulated in platelets by the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (15): 12874–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200482200. PMID 11825911.

[pmid11313365-19] Persad S, Attwell S, Gray V, Mawji N, Deng JT, Leung D, Yan J, Sanghera J, Walsh MP, Dedhar S (Jul 2001). "Regulation of protein kinase B/Akt-serine 473 phosphorylation by integrin-linked kinase: critical roles for kinase activity and amino acids arginine 211 and serine 343". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (29): 27462–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102940200. PMID 11313365.

[pmid12167664-20] Dan HC, Sun M, Yang L, Feldman RI, Sui XM, Ou CC, Nellist M, Yeung RS, Halley DJ, Nicosia SV, Pledger WJ, Cheng JQ (Sep 2002). "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway regulates tuberous sclerosis tumor suppressor complex by phosphorylation of tuberin". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (38): 35364–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205838200. PMID 12167664.

[pmid15342917-21] Roux PP, Ballif BA, Anjum R, Gygi SP, Blenis J (Sep 2004). "Tumor-promoting phorbol esters and activated Ras inactivate the tuberous sclerosis tumor suppressor complex via p90 ribosomal S6 kinase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (37): 13489–94. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10113489R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405659101. PMC 518784. PMID 15342917.