موقعیت هندسی
شکل هندسی در علم شیمی نشان دهنده وضعیت آرایش اتم ها یا یون ها در یک ماده شیمیایی است.
شکلهای مهم هندسی
| Coordination number | Geometry | Examples of discrete (finite) complex | Examples in crystals | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | linear | Ag(CN)2 in KAg(CN)2 | Ag in سیانید نقره، Au in AuI | |
| 3 | trigonal planar | Cu(CN)3 in Na2Cu(CN)3.3H2O | O in TiO2 rutile structure | |
| 4 | tetrahedral geometry | CoCl4 | Zn and S in روی سولفید, Si in سیلیسیم دی اکسید | |
| 4 | square planar | AgF4 | CuO | |
| 5 | trigonal bipyramidal | SnCl5 | ||
| 5 | square pyramidal | InCl5 in (NEt4)2InCl5 | ||
| 6 | octahedral | Fe(H2O)6 | Na and Cl in NaCl | |
| 6 | trigonal prismatic | Mo(SCHCHS)3 | As in NiAs, Mo in MoS2 | |
| 7 | pentagonal bipyramidal | ZrF7 in (NH4)3ZrF7 | Pa in PaCl5 | |
| 7 | face capped octahedral | [Ho(PhCOCHCOPh)3(H2O)] | La in A-La2O3 | |
| 7 | trigonal prismatic، square face monocapped | TaF7 in K2TaF7 | ||
| 8 | cubic | سزیم کلرید, کلسیم فلوئورید | ||
| 8 | square antiprism | TaF8 in Na3TaF8 | یدید توریم(IV) | |
| 8 | dodecahedral (note whilst this is term generally used the correct term is bisdisphenoid or snub disphenoid as this polyhedron is a deltahedron) | Mo(CN)8 in K4[Mo(CN)8].2H2O | Zr in K2ZrF6 | |
| 8 | hexagonal bipyramidal | N in Li3N | ||
| 8 | octahedral, trans-bicapped | Ni in نیکلین, NiAs; 6 As neighbours + 2 Ni capping | ||
| 8 | trigonal prismatic، triangular face bicapped | Ca in CaFe2O4 | ||
| 8 | trigonal prismatic، square face bicapped | PuBr3 | ||
| 9 | trigonal prismatic، square face tricapped | [ReH9] in پتاسیم نوناهیدریدورنات | SrCl2.6H2O، Th in RbTh3F13 | |
| 9 | monocapped square antiprismatic | [Th(tropolonate)4(H2O)] | La in LaTe2 | |
| 10 | bicapped square antiprismatic | Th(C2O4)4 | ||
| 11 | Th in [Th(NO3)4(H2O)3] (NO3 is bidentate) | |||
| 12 | icosahedron | Th in Th(NO3)6 ion in Mg[Th(NO3)6].8H2O | ||
| 12 | cuboctahedron | Zr(η−(BH4)4) | atoms in fcc metals e.g. Ca | |
| 12 | anticuboctahedron، triangular orthobicupola | atoms in hcp metals e.g. Sc | ||
| 14 | bicapped hexagonal antiprismatic | U(BH4)4 |
منابع
- ↑ Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
- ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0080379419.
- ↑ Crystal and molecular structure of the heptacoordinate complex tris(diphenylpropanedionato)aquoholmium, Ho(PhCOCHCOPh)3.H2O, Zalkin A., Templeton D.H., Karraker D.G, Inorganic chemistry, 1969, 8, 12,2680 - 2684; doi:10.1021/ic50082a029
- ↑ David G. Pettifor, Bonding and Structure of Molecules and Solids, 1995, Oxford University Press,ISBN 0-19-851786-6