فهرست فرمانروایان اسکاتلند
پادشاهی در اسکاتلند برای اولین توسط کنت مک‌آلپین در سال ۸۴۳ میلادی پایه‌گذاری شد و تا سال ۱۷۰۷ میلادی که مصوبه‌های ۱۷۰۷ اتحاد انگلستان و اسکاتلند امضا شد ادامه یافت.
| پادشاهی اسکاتلند | |
|---|---|
Idealised statue of رابرت یکم | |
| جزئیات | |
| نخستین پادشاه | Kenneth I MacAlpin |
| واپسین پادشاه | ملکه آن |
| آغاز پادشاهی | ۸۴۳ |
| پایان پادشاهی | ۱ مه ۱۷۰۷ |
فهرست پادشاهان
خاندان آلپین (۸۴۸–۱۰۳۴)
| تصویر | نام انگلیسی (with modern Gaelic equivalent) | نام گیلیک | وضعیت خاندان | تصویر | عنوان | صفت |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kenneth MacAlpin I (Coinneach mac Ailpein) | Cináed mac Ailpín Ciniod m. Ailpin | son of Alpin king of Dal Riata | 843/848 – ۱۳ فوریه ۸۵۸ | Rex Pictorum ("King of the Picts") | An Ferbasach "The Conqueror" | |
| Donald I (Dòmhnall mac Ailpein) | Domnall mac Ailpín | son of Alpin king of Dal Riata, and brother of Kenneth I | 858 – ۱۳ آوریل ۸۶۲ | Rex Pictorum ("King of the Picts") | ||
| Constantine I (Còiseam mac Choinnich) | Causantín mac Cináeda | Son of Kenneth I | 862–877 | Rex Pictorum ("King of the Picts") | An Finn-Shoichleach, "The Wine-Bountiful" | |
| Áed (Aodh mac Choinnich) | Áed mac Cináeda | Son of Kenneth I | 877–878 | Rex Pictorum ("King of the Picts") | ||
| Giric (Griogair mac Dhunghail) | Giric mac Dúngail | Son of Donald I? | 878–889 | Mac Rath, "Son of Fortune" | ||
| Eochaid | Eochaid mac Run | † grandson of Kenneth I | *۸۷۸–۸۸۹? | |||
| Donald II (Dòmhnall mac Chòiseim) | Domnall mac Causantín | Son of Constantine I | 889–900 | Rí Alban ("King of Scotland") Rì nan Albannaich ("King of Scots") | Dásachtach, the "Madman" or "Psycho" | |
| Constantine II (Còiseam mac Aoidh) | Causantín mac Áeda | Son of Áed | 900–943 | Rí Alban | An Midhaise, "the Middle Aged". | |
| Malcolm I (Maol Chaluim mac Dhòmhnaill) | Máel Coluim mac Domnaill | Son of Donald II | 943–954 | Rí Alban | An Bodhbhdercc, "the Dangerous Red" | |
| Indulf | Ildulb mac Causantín | Son of Constantine II | 954–962 | Rí Alban | An Ionsaighthigh, "the Aggressor" | |
| Dub (Dubh or Duff) (Dubh mac Mhaoil Chaluim) | Dub mac Maíl Choluim | Son of Malcolm I | 962–967 | Rí Alban | Dén, "the Vehement" | |
| Cuilén (Cailean) | Cuilén mac Ilduilb | Son of Indulf | 967–971 | Rí Alban | An Fionn, "the White" | |
| Amlaíb (Amhlaigh) | Amlaíb mac Ilduilb | Son of Indulf | 973–977 | Rí Alban | ||
| Kenneth II (Coinneach mac Mhaoil Chaluim) | Cináed mac Maíl Choluim | Son of Malcolm I | 971–995 | Rí Alban | An Fionnghalach, "The Fratricide" | |
| کنستانتین سوم (اسکاتلند) (Còiseam mac Chailein) | Causantín mac Cuiléin | Son of Cuilén | 995–997 | Rí Alban | ||
| Kenneth III (Coinneach mac Dhuibh) | Cináed mac Duib | Son of Dub | 997 – ۲۵ مارس ۱۰۰۵ | Rí Alban | An Donn, "the Chief"/ "the Brown". | |
| Malcolm II (Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich) | Máel Coluim mac Cináeda | Son of Kenneth II | 1005–1034 | Rí Alban / Rex Scotiae | Forranach, "the Destroyer"; |
* Evidence for Eochaid's reign is unclear: he may never have actually been King. If he was, he was co-King with Giric. Amlaíb is known only by a reference to his مرگ in 977, which reports him as King of Alba; since Kenneth II is known to have still been King in 972–973, Amlaíb must have taken power between 973 and 977.
† Eochiad was a son of Run, King of Strathclyde, but his mother was a daughter of Kenneth I.
خاندان دانکلد (۱۰۳۴–۱۲۸۶)
| نام انگلیسی (نام گیلیک مدرن) (نام گیلیک) سلطنت | تصویر | نام قرون وسطی | صفت | خانواده پدر | خانواده مادر |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duncan I (Donnchadh mac Crìonain) (Donnchad mac Crínáin) ۱۰۳۴–۱۰۴۰ | Rí Alban | An t-Ilgarach "The Diseased" or "The Sick" | Grandson of Malcolm II | Son of Bethóc, Eldest Daughter of Malcolm II (House of Alpin) | |
| مک بث (MacBheatha mac Fhionnlaigh) (Mac Bethad mac Findláich) ۱۰۴۰–۱۰۵۷ | Rí Alban | Rí Deircc "The Red King" | 1) Son of Mormaer Findláech 2) Grandson of Malcolm II 3) Husband to Gruoch, granddaughter of Kenneth III | ?,Unknown Daughter or Granddaughter of Malcolm II (House of Alpin) | |
| Lulach (Lughlagh mac Gille Chomghain) (Lulach mac Gille Comgaín) ۱۰۵۷–۱۰۵۸ | — | Rí Alban | Tairbith "The Unfortunate" - Fatuus "The Foolish" | 1) Son of Gille Coemgáin, Mormaer of Moray 2) Grandson of Kenneth III (House of Alpin) | Son of Gruoch, Granddaughter of Kenneth III |
| Malcolm III (Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh) (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) ۱۰۵۸–۱۰۹۳ | Rí Alban / Scottorum basileus | ? Cenn Mór ("Canmore") "Great Chief" | Son of Duncan I | Son of Suthen | |
| Donald III (Dòmhnall mac Dhonnchaidh) (Domnall mac Donnchada) ۱۰۹۳–۱۰۹۷ | Rí Alban | Bán, "the Fair". | Son of Duncan I | ||
| دانکن دوم اسکاتلند (Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim) (Donnchad mac Maíl Choluim) ۱۰۹۴ | Rí Alban / Rex Scottorum | Son of Malcolm III | |||
| ادگار اسکاتلند (Eagar mac Mhaoil Chaluim) (Étgar mac Maíl Choluim) ۱۰۹۷–۱۱۰۷ | Rí Alban/ Rex Scottorum | Probus, "the Valiant" | Son of Malcolm III | ||
| Alexander I (Alasdair mac Mhaoil Chaluim) (Alaxandair mac Maíl Choluim) ۱۱۰۷–۱۱۲۴ | Rí Alban/ Rex Scottorum | "The Fierce" | Son of Malcolm III | ||
| David I (Dàibhidh mac Mhaoil Chaluim) (Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim) ۱۱۲۴–۱۱۵۳ | Rí Alban/ Rex Scottorum | "The Saint" | Son of Malcolm III | ||
| Malcolm IV (Maol Chaluim mac Eanraig) (Máel Coluim mac Eanric) ۱۱۵۳–۱۱۶۵ | Rí Alban/ Rex Scottorum | Virgo "The Maiden" - Cenn Mór, "Great Chief" | Grandson of David I | ||
| ویلیام شیر "The Lion" (Uilleam mac Eanraig) (Uilliam mac Eanric) ۱۱۶۵–۱۲۱۴ | Rí Alban / Rex Scottorum | "The Lion" - Garbh, "the Rough" | Grandson of David I | ||
| الکساندر دوم (اسکاتلند) (Alasdair mac Uilleim) (Alaxandair mac Uilliam) ۱۲۱۴–۱۲۴۹ | Rí Alban / Rex Scottorum | Son of William I | |||
| الکساندر سوم (اسکاتلند) (Alasdair mac Alasdair) (Alaxandair mac Alaxandair) ۱۲۴۹–۱۲۸۶ | Rí Alban / Rex Scottorum | Son of Alexander II |
خاندان سور (۱۲۸۶–۱۲۹۰)
| نام | تصویر | تولد | ازدواج‌ها | مرگ | خاندان |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| مارگارت دوشیزه نروژ ۱۲۸۶–۱۲۹۰ | مارس یا آوریل ۱۲۸۳ تنسبرگ، نروژ دختر اریک دوم نروژ و مارگارت ملکه نروژ | مجرد | سپتامبر ۱۲۹۰ سنت مارگارتز هوپ، اورکنی در ۷ سالگی | نوه الکساندر سوم |
اینترگنون اول (۱۲۹۰–۱۲۹۲)
خاندان بالیول (۱۲۹۲–۱۲۹۶)
| نام | تصویر | تولد | ازدواج‌ها | مرگ | خاندان |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Balliol Toom Tabard ("Empty Cloak") (Iain Balliol) 1292–1296 | c. 1249 | Isabella de Warenne 9 February 1281 at least one child |
c. 25 November 1314 | great-grandson of David of Huntingdon (brother of William I) |
اینترگنوم دوم (۱۲۹۶–۱۳۰۶)
خاندان بروس (۱۳۰۶–۱۳۷۱)
| نام | تصویر | تولد | ازدواج‌ها | مرگ | خاندان |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| رابرت یکم (اسکاتلند) the Bruce (Raibeart a Briuis) 1306–1329 | 11 July 1274 Turnberry Castle, ایرشایر son of Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale and Marjorie, Countess of Carrick | Isabella of Mar ۱۲۹۵ one daughter Elizabeth de Burgh ریتل، اسکس، پادشاهی انگلستان ۱۳۰۲ four children | 7 June 1329 Manor of Cardross, دانبارتونشایر aged 54 | great-great-grandson of David of Huntingdon (brother of William I) (election) | |
| دیوید دوم اسکاتلند (Dàibhidh Bruis) 1329–1371 | 5 March 1324 Dunfermline Palace, فایف son of Robert I and Elizabeth de Burgh | Joan of England برویک-آپون-توئید 17 July 1328 no children Margaret Drummond Inchmurdach, Fife 20 February 1364 no children | 22 February 1371 دژ ادینبورو aged 46 | son of Robert I (حق اولویت نخستین فرزند) |
| نام | تصویر | تولد | ازدواج‌ها | مرگ | Claim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edward Balliol ۱۳۳۲–۱۳۳۶ In opposition to David II | ۱۲۸۳ Son of John Balliol and Isabella de Warenne | None | ۱۳۶۷ دانکستر، یورک‌شر، انگلستان | Son of a former king, candidate of the English to replace the exiled David II |
خاندان استوارت (۱۳۷۱–۱۶۵۱)
| نام | تصویر | تولد | ازدواج‌ها | مرگ | خاندان |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robert II the Steward (Raibeart II Stiùbhairt) 1371–1390 | 2 March 1316 پیزلی son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland and Marjorie Bruce | Elizabeth Mure 1336 (uncertain canonicity) 1349 (with Papal dispensation) ten children Euphemia de Ross 2 May 1355 four children | 19 April 1390 Dundonald Castle, ایرشایر aged 74 | grandson of Robert I (primogeniture) | |
| Robert III (born John Stewart) the Lame King (Raibeart III Stiùbhairt, An Righ Bhacaigh) 1390–1406 | c. ۱۳۳۷ son of Robert II and Elizabeth Mure | Anabella Drummond ۱۳۶۷ seven children | 4 April 1406 Rothesay Castle aged about 69 | son of Robert II (primogeniture) | |
| جیمز یکم اسکاتلند (Seumas I Stiùbhairt) 1406–1437 | late July ۱۳۹۴ Dunfermline Palace, Fife son of Robert III and Anabella Drummond | Joan Beaufort کلیسای جامع سات‌ارک 2 February 1424 eight children | 21 February 1437 Blackfriars, پرت (اسکاتلند) aged about 42 | son of Robert III (primogeniture) | |
| جیمز دوم اسکاتلند Fiery Face (Seumas II Stiùbhairt) 1437–1460 | 16 October 1430 Holyrood Abbey, ادینبرا son of James I and Joan Beaufort | Mary of Guelders Holyrood Abbey 3 July 1449 seven children | 3 August 1460 Roxburgh Castle aged 29 | son of James I (primogeniture) | |
| جیمز سوم اسکاتلند (Seumas III Stiùbhairt) 1460–1488 | 10 July 1451 دژ استرلینگ or St Andrews Castle son of James II and Mary of Guelders | Margaret of Denmark Holyrood Abbey 13 July 1469 three children | 11 June 1488 Sauchie Burn aged 36 | son of James II (primogeniture) | |
| جیمز چهارم اسکاتلند (Seumas IV Stiùbhairt) 1488–1513 | 17 March 1473 Stirling Castle son of James III and Margaret of Denmark | مارگارت تودور Holyrood Abbey 8 August 1503 six children | 9 September 1513 نبرد فلادن، نورث‌آمبرلند، England aged 40 | son of James III (primogeniture) | |
| جیمز پنجم اسکاتلند (Seumas V Stiùbhairt) 1513–1542 | 15 April 1512 کاخ لینلیتگو، لوتیان غربی son of James IV and Margaret Tudor | Madeleine of Valois کلیسای نوتردام پاریس، پاریس، France 1 January 1537 no children Mary of Guise Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France 18 May 1538 three children | 14 December 1542 کاخ فالکلند، Fife aged 30 | son of James IV (primogeniture) | |
| ماری یکم (اسکاتلند) (Màiri Stiùbhairt) 1542–1567 | 8 December 1542 Linlithgow Palace daughter of James V and Mary of Guise | فرانسوای دوم 24 April 1558 no children Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley کاخ هولی‌روود، Edinburgh 9 July 1565 one child James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell Holyrood Palace 15 May 1567 no children | 8 February 1587 Fotheringhay Castle, نورث‌همپتون‌شر، England aged 44 (executed) | daughter of James V (حق اولویت نخستین فرزند) | |
| جیمز یکم (انگلستان) (Seumas VI Stiùbhairt) 1567–1625 | 19 June 1566 Edinburgh Castle son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary I | Anne of Denmark Old Bishop's Palace, اسلو، نروژ 23 November 1589 seven children | 27 March 1625 Theobalds House, هرتفوردشر، England aged 58 | son of Mary I (primogeniture) | |
| چارلز یکم انگلستان (Teàrlach I Stiùbhairt) 1625–1649 | 19 November 1600 Dunfermline Palace, دانفرملین son of James VI and Anne of Denmark | هنریتا ماریای فرانسه کلیسای سنت آگوستین، کنتربری، England 13 June 1625 nine children | 30 January 1649 Palace of Whitehall, شهر وست‌مینستر، England aged 48 (executed) | son of James VI (primogeniture) | |
| چارلز دوم (انگلستان) (Teàrlach II Stiùbhairt) 1649–1651 | 29 May 1630 کاخ سنت جیمز، شهر وست‌مینستر، England son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France | Catherine of Braganza پورتسموث، England 14 May 1662 no children | 6 February 1685 Palace of Whitehall, Westminster, England aged 54 | son of Charles I (primogeniture) |
اینترگنوم سوم (۱۶۵۱–۱۶۶۰)
خاندان استوارت رستورید (۱۶۶۰–۱۷۰۷)
| نام | تصویر | تولد | ازدواج‌ها | مرگ | خاندان |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| چارلز دوم (انگلستان) (Teàrlach II Stiùbhairt) 1660–1685 | 29 May 1630 کاخ سنت جیمز، شهر وست‌مینستر، England son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France | Catherine of Braganza پورتسموث، England 14 May 1662 no children | 6 February 1685 Palace of Whitehall, Westminster, England aged 54 | son of Charles I (primogeniture) | |
| جیمز دوم (انگلستان) (Seumas VII Stiùbhairt) 1685–1688 | 14 October 1633 St James's Palace, Westminster, England son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France | Anne Hyde استرند، لندن، London, England 3 September 1660 eight children ماری مدنا دوور (انگلستان), England 21 November 1673 seven children | 16 September 1701 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye، France aged 67 | son of Charles I (primogeniture) | |
| ماری دوم (انگلستان) (Màiri II Stiùbhairt) 1689–1694 | 30 April 1662 St James's Palace, England daughter of James VII (II of England) and Anne Hyde | St James's Palace 4 November 1677 three children (none survived infancy) | 28 December 1694 کاخ کنزینگتون، England aged 32 | grandchildren of Charles I (انقلاب باشکوه) | |
| ویلیام سوم (انگلستان) (Uilleam Orains, "William of Orange") 1689–1702 | پرونده:Portrait of William III, (1650-1702).jpg | 4 November 1650 لاهه، جمهوری هلند son of William II, Prince of شاهزاده‌نشین اورانژ and Mary, Princess Royal | 8 March 1702 Kensington Palace aged ۵۱ | ||
| ملکه آن (Anna Stiùbhairt) ۱۷۰۲–۱۷۰۷ فهرست فرمانروایان بریتانیا مصوبه‌های ۱۷۰۷ اتحاد انگلستان و اسکاتلند–1714 | 6 February 1665 St James's Palace daughter of James VII and Anne Hyde | George of Denmark St James's Palace 28 July 1683 17 children | 1 August 1714 Kensington Palace aged 49 | daughter of James VII (primogeniture; اعلامیه حقوق ۱۶۸۹) |
For the British monarchs see فهرست فرمانروایان بریتانیا.
جستارهای وابسته
- کاخ هولی‌روود
- پادشاهی بریتانیا
- فهرست فرمانروایان بریتانیا
- فینکورماکوس
منابع
- ↑ "Kenneth I (r. 834–858)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Properly speaking, Coinneach should actually be Cionaodh, since Coinneach is historically a separate name. However, in the modern language, both names have converged.
- ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 83.
- ↑ "Donald I (r. 859–863)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Constantine I (r. 863–877)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 85.
- ↑ "Aed (r. 877–878)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Giric (r. 878–889)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 87.
- ↑ "Donald II (r. 889–900)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Hudson, Celtic Kings, p. 58.
- ↑ "Constantine II (r. 900–943)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 91; Hudson, Celtic Kings, p. 65.
- ↑ "Malcolm I (r. 943–954)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 93.
- ↑ "Indulf (r. 954–962)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ His name is a Gaelicisation of the Norse name Hildufr (or perhaps English Eadulf); it occurs in various contemporary Gaelic forms, such as Iondolbh, found in the Duan Albanach; Ildulb is used by some historians because it correctly represents the name Hildulfr in Gaelic orthography; Eadwulf would perhaps be Idulb, hence that form is also used sometimes. The name never came into wider use in the Scottish world, or the Gaelic world more generally, and has no modern form. The name "Indulf" is a spelling produced by later medieval French influence; Hudson, Celtic Kings, p, 89.
- ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 94.
- ↑ "Dubh or Duff (r. 962–967)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Duan Albanach, 23 here; as Dub means "Black", "Dub the Black" is tautologous.
- ↑ "Culen or Colin (r. 967–971)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 95.
- ↑ "Kenneth II (r. 971–995)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 96.
- ↑ "Constantine III (r. 995–997)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Kenneth III (r. 997–1005)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Former probable because later English (speaking) sources called him "Grim"; Old Irish donn has similar meaning to Old Irish greimm, which means "power" or "authority"; see Skene, Chronicles, p. 98; Hudson, Celtic Kings, p. 105.
- ↑ "Malcolm II (r. 1005–1034)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Skene, Chronicles, pp. 99–100.
- ↑ "Duncan I (r. 1034–1040)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 101.
- ↑ "Macbeth (r. 1040–1057)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 102.
- ↑ "Lulach (r. 1057–1058)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Anderson, Early Sources, vol. i, p. 603.
- ↑ "Malcolm III (r. 1058–1093)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ This name was probably only originally applied to Mael Coluim IV, Mael Coluim III's grandson, and then later confused; see Duncan, Kingship of the Scots, pp. 51–52, 74–75; Oram, David I, p. 17, note 1. Cenn Mór certainly means "great chief" rather than "big head", as sometimes thought.
- ↑ "Donald III (r. 1093–1094, 1094-1097)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Duncan II (r. 1094)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Edgar (r. 1097-1107)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Anderson, Early Sources, vol. ii, p. 141.
- ↑ "Alexander I (r. 1107-1124)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ This nickname however is not attested for another three centuries, in the work of Andrew of Wyntoun.
- ↑ "David I (r. 1124-1153)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Later nickname. Latin Sanctus also means simply "Holy". David was never canonised.
- ↑ "Malcolm IV (r. 1153-1165)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1214.6; Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1213.10.
- ↑ "Alexander II (r. 1214-1249)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Alexander III (r. 1249-1286)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Margaret (r. 1286-1290)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "John Balliol (r. 1292-1296)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Robert I (r. 1306-1329)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ Robert The Bruce. Publisher: Heinemann. شابک ۰−۴۳۱−۰۵۸۸۳−۰.
- ↑ "Robert I (r. 1329-1371)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Edward Balliol (r. for periods 1332-1356)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Robert II (r. 1371-1390)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Robert III (r. 1390-1406)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "James I (r. 1406-1437)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "James II (r. 1437-1460)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "James III (r. 1460-1488)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "James IV (r. 1488-1513)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "James V (r. 1513-1542)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Mary, Queen of Scots (r. 1542-1567)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "James VI and I (r. 1567-1625)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Charles I (r. 1625-1649)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Charles II (r. 1660-1685)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "James II (r. 1685-1688)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "William II and III (r. 1689-1672) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- ↑ "Anne (r. 1702-1714)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.