علوم دقیقه

علوم دقیقه آن دسته از علوم هستند «که به دقت مطلق در نتایج خود اذعان دارند»؛ به ویژه علوم ریاضی. نمونه‌های علوم دقیقه ریاضیات، نورشناسی، اخترشناسی و فیزیک هستند که بسیاری از فلاسفه از دکارت، لایبنیتس و کانت گرفته، تا اثبات‌گرایان منطقی آنها را به عنوان پارادایم‌های دانش عینی و عقلانی در نظر گرفتند. این علوم در بسیاری فرهنگ‌ها از دوران باستان تا عصر جدید رواج داشته‌اند.

جستارهای وابسته

پژوهش بنیادی
مسئله مرزبندی

منابع

↑ "Exact, adj.", Oxford English Dictionary, Online version (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, June 2016
↑ Friedman, Michael (1992), "Philosophy and the Exact Sciences: Logical Positivism as a Case Study", in Earman, John (ed.), Inference, Explanation, and Other Frustrations: Essays in the Philosophy of Science, Pittsburgh series in philosophy and history of science, vol. 14, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, p. 84, ISBN 9780520075771
↑ Neugebauer, Otto (1962), The Exact Sciences in Antiquity, The Science Library (2nd, reprint ed.), New York: Harper & Bros.
↑ Sarkar, Benoy Kumar (1918), Hindu Achievements in Exact Science: A Study in the History of Scientific Development, London / New York: Longmans, Green and Company, ISBN 9780598626806
↑ Harman, Peter M.; Shapiro, Alan E. (2002), The Investigation of Difficult Things: Essays on Newton and the History of the Exact Sciences in Honour of D. T. Whiteside, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521892667
↑ Pyenson, Lewis (1993), "Cultural Imperialism and Exact Sciences Revisited", Isis, 84 (1): 103–108, Bibcode:1993Isis...84..103P, doi:10.1086/356376, JSTOR 235556, S2CID 144588820, [M]any of the exact sciences… between Claudius Ptolemy and Tycho Brahe were in a common register, whether studied in the diverse parts of the Islamic world, in India, in Christian Europe, in China, or apparently in Mesoamerica.

[1] "Exact, adj.", Oxford English Dictionary, Online version (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, June 2016

[2] Friedman, Michael (1992), "Philosophy and the Exact Sciences: Logical Positivism as a Case Study", in Earman, John (ed.), Inference, Explanation, and Other Frustrations: Essays in the Philosophy of Science, Pittsburgh series in philosophy and history of science, vol. 14, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, p. 84, ISBN 9780520075771

[3] Neugebauer, Otto (1962), The Exact Sciences in Antiquity, The Science Library (2nd, reprint ed.), New York: Harper & Bros.

[4] Sarkar, Benoy Kumar (1918), Hindu Achievements in Exact Science: A Study in the History of Scientific Development, London / New York: Longmans, Green and Company, ISBN 9780598626806

[5] Harman, Peter M.; Shapiro, Alan E. (2002), The Investigation of Difficult Things: Essays on Newton and the History of the Exact Sciences in Honour of D. T. Whiteside, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521892667

[6] Pyenson, Lewis (1993), "Cultural Imperialism and Exact Sciences Revisited", Isis, 84 (1): 103–108, Bibcode:1993Isis...84..103P, doi:10.1086/356376, JSTOR 235556, S2CID 144588820, [M]any of the exact sciences… between Claudius Ptolemy and Tycho Brahe were in a common register, whether studied in the diverse parts of the Islamic world, in India, in Christian Europe, in China, or apparently in Mesoamerica.